3.2.4.4 Population change Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. In the demographic transition model, which stage is characterised by high birth rates and falling death rates, producing rapid population growth?

   • Stage 1
   • Stage 2
   • Stage 4
   • Stage 5

2. Natural increase in a population is calculated as:

   • Birth rate minus death rate
   • Death rate minus birth rate
   • Migration in minus migration out
   • Birth rate plus death rate

3. A country has a birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a death rate of 9 per 1,000. What is its natural increase rate as a percentage?

   • 2.4%
   • 0.9%
   • 1.5%
   • 3.3%

4. Which feature of an age-sex pyramid indicates a population with high birth rates and a young age structure?

   • A bulge only in the very oldest age groups
   • Equal widths at every age from base to top
   • A wide base and narrowing towards the top
   • A narrow base and wide top

5. The demographic dividend refers to:

   • A tax paid by migrants on arrival in a country
   • A period when a large working-age population relative to dependants can boost economic growth
   • A financial payment made by governments to each new birth
   • The surplus of deaths over births in an ageing population

6. Which group is defined as someone who has crossed an international border and cannot return home due to a well-founded fear of persecution?

   • Commuter
   • Economic migrant
   • Internal migrant
   • Refugee

7. Which statement best distinguishes an asylum seeker from a refugee?

   • An asylum seeker has applied for protection but has not yet had the claim accepted
   • An asylum seeker has already been granted refugee status
   • An asylum seeker never crosses an international border
   • An asylum seeker always moves for economic reasons only

8. Which factor is most often identified as a cause of international economic migration?

   • Stable wages and full employment in the origin country
   • Income differences and lack of employment opportunities between countries
   • Strict limits on all forms of employment in the destination
   • Cooler climates in the destination country only

9. Which pattern is most typical of a country in the late stage of the demographic transition?

   • Low birth and death rates with a higher proportion of older people
   • Rapidly falling death rates with rising birth rates
   • Very high birth rates and very high death rates
   • Very high death rates and very low birth rates in all regions

10. Which cultural factor is most likely to lower the birth rate in a population during the transition?

    • Decline in the availability of family planning services
    • Increased access to education, especially for women, and wider use of contraception
    • Early marriage and very large family sizes as the norm
    • Removal of all schools and health services from communities

11. Which argument best evaluates the view that falling death rates always lead to population growth?

    • Falling death rates have no effect on population size, since mortality and fertility operate independently of one another in every society
    • Population growth is determined by migration alone in every case, so births and deaths make no difference to the national total
    • Falling death rates always cause population decline, because longer lives reduce the number of births that families choose to have
    • Falling death rates raise growth only if birth rates remain high, and sustained low birth rates can mean decline

12. A country's population of 10 million has a crude birth rate of 30 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 10 per 1,000, with no net migration. How many people are added by natural increase in one year?

    • 200,000
    • 20,000
    • 400,000
    • 2,000,000

13. Which feature of an ageing population poses a particular challenge for public finances?

    • A rising dependency ratio that increases the cost of pensions and health care relative to the working-age population
    • A falling number of pensioners leading to surplus tax revenue, since fewer older people means less spending on pensions and care each year
    • A rise in the number of children needing school places, which raises education spending and cuts the budget for older people
    • A reduction in the costs of health care for older adults, because people in later life need fewer treatments and shorter stays

14. Which combination best describes how environmental conditions influence internal and international migration?

    • Migration is caused only by environmental factors in all cases, so economic and political pressures never shape where people move
    • Environmental conditions only encourage people to stay in place, because the land itself holds people to their villages in every crisis
    • Environmental conditions have no influence on migration decisions, since households move only to seek work and never because of climate
    • Drought, flooding and resource scarcity can push people to migrate, alongside economic and political causes

15. Which measure best indicates the strength of economic pressure behind migration from a poorer region?

    • The number of churches per 1,000 people in the origin region, used as a proxy for the community ties that hold people in place
    • The number of rainy days in the destination region, which affects how far migrants travel and so shapes the flows between the two regions
    • The gap in average incomes between the origin and destination regions
    • The average height of the population in the origin region, measured in centimetres and compared across the age groups of each district

16. Which argument best supports the view that migration has demographic consequences for both origin and destination?

    • Migration changes age structure and population size in origin areas and destinations alike
    • Migration affects only the physical environment of the origin region, leaving the age structure and size of its population unchanged
    • Migration only affects population size in the destination region, because origin areas always keep their full population after departures
    • Migration has no demographic effects on either region, since people who move keep the same age and sex profile wherever they settle

17. A country has an age-sex pyramid with a narrow base and a wide middle. Which population stage and implication is most likely?

    • A young population with a high proportion of children under 5, which raises demand for schools and clinics in the short term
    • A population with exceptionally high birth rates for many decades, which keeps the pyramid wide at the base for generations
    • An ageing population with a shrinking young cohort and rising dependency among the old
    • A rapidly growing young population with high birth rates, which fills the lower age groups and widens the base of the pyramid each year

18. Which factor would most likely raise a country's birth rate over the short term?

    • Expanding access to contraception for all women, which gives families greater control over the timing and number of births
    • Rising female education levels across the population, which is linked with delayed marriage and smaller family sizes over time
    • Policies offering financial incentives and support for larger families
    • A sharp increase in the cost of child care, which makes families more likely to delay parenthood and so lowers births over time

19. Which statement about the demographic transition model is most accurate?

    • It is a generalised model that shows typical stages, though some countries deviate because of policy and context
    • It applies identically to all countries without exception, since every society moves through the same stages at the same pace
    • It has no relationship to vital rates such as birth and death rates, because the stages are defined only by income and urban size
    • It is a precise forecast of every country's population on a fixed timetable, so that each nation reaches each stage in the same year

20. A region experiences a rapid fall in death rates after improved sanitation and medicine, while birth rates remain high. Which consequence is most likely?

    • Rapid population growth and a young age structure
    • Population decline and an ageing population
    • A sharp fall in the number of children under 5
    • Stable population with equal numbers of births and deaths

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