2G.1.2 The rise of Mussolini and the creation of a fascist dictatorship, 1919–26 Quiz: Pearson Edexcel History, Unit 7

The 20 questions

1. What name was given to the paramilitary fascist squads that attacked socialists in the early 1920s?

   • Arditi
   • Carabinieri
   • Squadristi
   • Red Guards

2. In which month and year was the National Fascist Party formally established in Italy?

   • October 1922
   • January 1925
   • March 1919
   • November 1921

3. Which Italian king appointed Benito Mussolini as prime minister following the March on Rome in 1922?

   • Victor Emmanuel III
   • Umberto II
   • Victor Emmanuel II
   • Charles Albert

4. What fraction of parliamentary seats did the Acerbo Law award to the largest political party?

   • Three quarters
   • Nine tenths
   • Two thirds
   • One half

5. Which socialist deputy was murdered by fascists in June 1924 after exposing electoral fraud?

   • Filippo Turati
   • Don Luigi Sturzo
   • Antonio Gramsci
   • Giacomo Matteotti

6. What name was given to the walkout by opposition deputies following Matteotti's murder in 1924?

   • Fiume Occupation
   • Red Biennium
   • March on Rome
   • Aventine Secession

7. How did the PNF's New Programme of 1921 shift the party's official ideology?

   • Towards conservatism
   • Towards republicanism
   • Towards syndicalism
   • Towards communism

8. Which social group in rural northern Italy heavily backed fascist squadrismo to stop socialist land occupations?

   • Wealthy landowners
   • Factory workers
   • Tenant farmers
   • Socialist peasants

9. Which port city did the nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio seize with ex-soldiers in September 1919?

   • Venice
   • Dalmatia
   • Trieste
   • Fiume

10. Which Catholic priest founded the Italian Popular Party (PPI) in January 1919?

    • Pope Pius XI
    • Giacomo Matteotti
    • Don Luigi Sturzo
    • Roberto Farinacci

11. What key internal division weakened the Italian Socialist Party between 1919 and 1922?

    • Reformists and revolutionaries
    • Monarchy and republicans
    • Fascists and liberals
    • Industrialists and peasants

12. Which electoral alliance helped Mussolini's fascists win 35 parliamentary seats in May 1921?

    • The Aventine Secession
    • The Popular Front
    • The Lateran Pact
    • The National Blocs

13. What two tactics formed Mussolini's 'dual policy' between 1921 and 1922?

    • Strikes and boycotts
    • Monarchy and republic
    • Taxation and conscription
    • Violence and diplomacy

14. What political outcome was established in Italy by the 1925–26 Leggi Fascistissime?

    • A one-party dictatorship
    • A socialist republic
    • A constitutional monarchy
    • A federal democracy

15. Which political party was excluded from Mussolini's initial coalition government formed in October 1922?

    • Nationalist Association
    • Italian Popular Party
    • Liberal Party
    • Italian Socialist Party

16. Which combination characterised the initial 1919 programme of the Fasci di Combattimento?

    • Pacifism and clericalism
    • Radicalism and nationalism
    • Liberalism and federalism
    • Marxism and monarchism

17. Which major threat created widespread fear among Italian middle classes, boosting support for fascism by 1922?

    • Foreign invasion
    • Papal supremacy
    • Royalist restoration
    • Communist revolution

18. Which elite First World War ex-servicemen group formed a core component of early fascist squads?

    • The Redshirts
    • The Sanfedisti
    • The Arditi
    • The Carbonari

19. Who invited Benito Mussolini to form a government following the March on Rome in October 1922?

    • Victor Emmanuel III
    • Pope Pius XI
    • Luigi Facta
    • Giovanni Giolitti

20. Which 1923 electoral law guaranteed two-thirds of parliamentary seats to the party winning the most votes?

    • The Gentile Law
    • The Rocco Law
    • The Lateran Pact
    • The Acerbo Law

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