2E.1.3 The Cultural Revolution and its aftermath, 1966–76 Quiz: Pearson Edexcel History, Unit 5

The 20 questions

1. What was Mao's main motivation for launching the Cultural Revolution in 1966?

   • Gaining Soviet support
   • Increasing steel output
   • Promoting Western trade
   • Purging revisionists

2. Which youth movement was mobilised by Mao in 1966 to enforce ideological purity?

   • The Pioneer Movement
   • The Red Guards
   • The Boxers
   • The Barefoot Doctors

3. Which of these was one of the 'Four Olds' targeted by the Red Guards?

   • Old factories
   • Old treaties
   • Old weapons
   • Old customs

4. Which leader was attacked and removed from power during the Cultural Revolution?

   • Zhou Enlai
   • Jiang Zemin
   • Hua Guofeng
   • Liu Shaoqi

5. What characterized the 'Red Terror' campaign launched in August 1966?

   • Foreign invasion
   • Red Guard violence
   • Army mutinies
   • Worker strikes

6. Where were millions of urban Red Guards sent from 1968 to restore order?

   • To military bases
   • To foreign nations
   • To urban factories
   • To the countryside

7. Which leader was dismissed and died in an air crash in 1971 after being purged from the party?

   • Hua Guofeng
   • Zhou Enlai
   • Jiang Qing
   • Lin Biao

8. Which radical political group was arrested and put on trial after Mao's death?

   • Gang of Four
   • Wuhan Faction
   • Eight Immortals
   • Red Detachment

9. Which politician returned to power in 1973 and was seen as the main reformer of the mid-1970s?

   • Jiang Zemin
   • Lin Biao
   • Chen Yun
   • Deng Xiaoping

10. What was Zhou Enlai's main role during the turbulent years of the Cultural Revolution?

    • Promoting Western democracy
    • Leading Red Guards
    • Abolishing state planning
    • Restoring administrative order

11. What was a key feature of China's domestic state at the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976?

    • Severe economic disruption
    • Total agricultural boom
    • Widespread democratic reform
    • Rapid economic growth

12. Where were millions of urban Chinese students sent during the Cultural Revolution?

    • To military academies
    • To Soviet factories
    • To Western universities
    • To the countryside

13. What term described the traditional cultural targets attacked by the Red Guards from 1966?

    • The Four Olds
    • The Four Modernisations
    • The Three Evils
    • The Five Antis

14. What was a major political effect of the Cultural Revolution on the Chinese Communist Party?

    • Widespread party purges
    • Total peaceful dissolution
    • Rapid democratic reform
    • Massive foreign recruitment

15. Which head of state was purged by Mao during the early Cultural Revolution?

    • Chiang Kai-shek
    • Sun Yat-sen
    • Liu Shaoqi
    • Zhou Enlai

16. Which radical political faction was arrested shortly after Mao Zedong died in 1976?

    • The Rightists
    • Gang of Four
    • The Allied Coalition
    • The Red Guards

17. In which year did Mao Zedong launch the Cultural Revolution in China?

    • 1971
    • 1966
    • 1958
    • 1976

18. Which label was given to party members accused of opposing Mao's socialist path?

    • Barefoot doctors
    • Bourgeois intellectuals
    • Red Guards
    • Capitalist roaders

19. Why did Mao champion continuous revolution during the Cultural Revolution?

    • To invade Taiwan
    • To restore feudalism
    • To join NATO
    • To prevent bureaucracy

20. Which organisation was deployed from 1968 to restore order after widespread Red Guard violence?

    • The Red Guards
    • People's Liberation Army
    • The United Nations
    • The KGB

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