2C.2.1 The rule of Nicholas II, 1894–1905 Quiz: Pearson Edexcel History, Unit 3

The 20 questions

1. What were the three official principles of Tsarist ideology defined by Sergei Uvarov?

   • Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
   • Autocracy, Serfdom, Empire
   • Orthodoxy, Monarchy, Panslavism
   • Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationality

2. What was the primary function of the Okhrana under Tsar Nicholas II?

   • Imperial royal guard
   • Peasant land bank
   • Local administrative council
   • Secret political police

3. Which political party split into Bolshevik and Menshevik factions at its 1903 congress?

   • Kadet Party
   • Octobrist Party
   • Social Democratic Party
   • Socialist Revolutionary Party

4. Which war was formally ended by the Treaty of Portsmouth in September 1905?

   • Russo-Japanese War
   • Russo-Turkish War
   • Crimean War
   • First World War

5. In which city did imperial troops fire on peaceful demonstrators on Bloody Sunday in 1905?

   • Kiev
   • Saint Petersburg
   • Odessa
   • Moscow

6. Which figure emerged as a key leader of the St Petersburg Soviet in 1905?

   • Alexander Kerensky
   • Vladimir Lenin
   • Julius Martov
   • Leon Trotsky

7. What main constitutional body did the October Manifesto of 1905 promise to establish?

   • A constituent assembly
   • An elected Duma
   • A national soviet
   • An advisory council

8. What was the primary objective of Tsarist Russification policies in non-Russian regions?

   • Encourage cultural diversity
   • Grant regional autonomy
   • Impose central control
   • Promote local democracy

9. The 1903 Kishinev pogrom reflected official Tsarist tolerance of which issue?

   • Religious freedom
   • Antisemitism
   • Peasant land seizures
   • Trade unionism

10. What main grievance drove the 1902 peasant disturbances in southern Russia?

    • Military conscription
    • Land hunger
    • Church taxation
    • High industrial tariffs

11. Why did revolutionary opposition groups struggle to build mass support before 1905?

    • Lack of funding
    • Support for autocracy
    • Foreign invasion
    • Police repression

12. How did Russia's performance in the Russo-Japanese War affect the Tsarist regime?

    • Stabilised the economy
    • Discredited Tsarist authority
    • Increased Tsarist popularity
    • Boosted industrial exports

13. What was the immediate public reaction in Russia to the Bloody Sunday massacre?

    • Total army rebellion
    • Support for autocracy
    • Immediate peasant victory
    • Widespread strike movement

14. Why did opposition groups reject the proposed August Manifesto of 1905?

    • It abolished monarchy
    • Duma lacked power
    • It raised taxes
    • It ended censorship

15. What solution did Sergei Witte advise Tsar Nicholas II to adopt in October 1905?

    • Grant concessions
    • Abdicate the throne
    • Execute political prisoners
    • Increase military repression

16. Why was the power of the Duma severely restricted following the October Manifesto?

    • Tsar retained veto
    • Soviet held authority
    • Foreign power intervention
    • Army dissolved Duma

17. What key factor helped Tsar Nicholas II survive the 1905 Revolution?

    • Universal vote approval
    • Peasant backing
    • Foreign troop intervention
    • Army loyalty

18. Why did Nicholas II's commitment to autocracy undermine political reform in Russia?

    • Peasants rejected change
    • Power remained absolute
    • Duma held vetoes
    • Reform was illegal

19. In relation to the 1905 Revolution, the Russo-Japanese War acted primarily as what?

    • The sole cause
    • A minor victory
    • An irrelevant distraction
    • A catalyst

20. Why did the St Petersburg Soviet cease functioning in December 1905?

    • Leaders were arrested
    • Workers voted disbanding
    • Witte granted independence
    • Members joined army

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