Lesson 3.1.3

3.1.3 Protein transport by rER and the Golgi apparatus Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Biology A (Salters-Nuffield), Unit 3

20 questions

Written by Revision Ninja · Last reviewed 11 October 2026

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Lesson 3.1.3, Protein transport by rER and the Golgi apparatus: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) (9BI0), Unit 3: Voice of the Genome, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Where are proteins for export first synthesised in a eukaryotic cell?

    • On free ribosomes inside the nucleus
    • On ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
    • Inside the Golgi apparatus
    • Inside lysosomes using digestive enzymes

  2. What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    • Storing genetic information in chromosomes
    • Synthesising lipids for the cell membrane
    • Modifying, packaging and sorting proteins into vesicles for secretion or transport
    • Respiring glucose to release ATP

  3. What are the vesicles that carry proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi?

    • Lysosomes formed by the nucleus
    • Secretory vesicles pinched off the plasma membrane
    • Transport vesicles budding off the rough ER
    • Chloroplasts moving through the cytoplasm

  4. What is exocytosis?

    • Uptake of solid particles by the cell membrane
    • Vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell
    • Movement of water across the membrane by osmosis
    • Breakdown of food vacuoles by lysosomes inside the cell

  5. Which digestive enzyme is secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum?

    • Amylase
    • Catalase
    • Lysozyme
    • Pepsin

  6. A researcher uses radioactively labelled amino acids to follow a secreted protein. The label appears first in the rough ER, then the Golgi, then secretory vesicles. What is the correct order of transport?

    • Golgi, then rough ER, then vesicles, then outside the cell
    • Vesicles, then rough ER, then Golgi, then outside the cell
    • Rough ER, then Golgi, then secretory vesicles, then outside the cell
    • Lysosomes, then nucleus, then rough ER, then Golgi

  7. What is glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus?

    • Adding carbohydrate groups to proteins to form glycoproteins
    • Hydrolysing polysaccharides in lysosomes
    • Adding methyl groups to histones in the cytoplasm
    • Adding phosphate groups to lipids in the nucleus

  8. A cell secretes large amounts of protein. Which organelle is likely to be most numerous or prominent in it?

    • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
    • Centrioles that control the spindle
    • Lysosomes that digest proteins
    • Chloroplasts that store starch

  9. Why does a protein-secreting cell have a large Golgi apparatus?

    • To store water for osmoregulation
    • To process and package large quantities of secretory proteins for export
    • To break down the cell membrane
    • To increase the size of the nucleus

  10. Which statement describes the pathway of an extracellular enzyme correctly?

    • It is made in the Golgi, moves to ribosomes, then is released by simple diffusion
    • It is made in the nucleus and crosses the plasma membrane by osmosis
    • It is made on free ribosomes, then digested by lysosomes before release
    • It is made on rough ER ribosomes, moves to the Golgi, is packaged into vesicles, then released by exocytosis

  11. A mutation stops the Golgi from packaging proteins correctly. What is the most likely consequence for a secretory cell?

    • Proteins accumulate inside the cell and cannot be secreted efficiently
    • Ribosomes stop making any proteins at all
    • Mitochondria produce more ATP than normal
    • The nucleus stops replicating its DNA

  12. What gives the rough endoplasmic reticulum its name?

    • Mitochondria attached to its outer surface
    • Lysosomes embedded in its membrane
    • Thylakoid stacks within its lumen
    • Ribosomes bound to the surface of its membrane

  13. Which organelle is involved in forming lysosomes?

    • Centriole
    • Nucleolus
    • Golgi apparatus
    • Mitochondrion

  14. Which feature of a Golgi apparatus suggests it is actively secreting?

    • Many stacked flattened cisternae and many surrounding vesicles
    • Multiple nuclei within the same organelle
    • A large central vacuole with no vesicles
    • A single membrane with no vesicles around it

  15. What secretory products are made by pancreatic acinar cells?

    • Digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase
    • Keratin for skin and hair
    • Haemoglobin for oxygen transport
    • Cellulose for plant cell walls

  16. Vesicles from the Golgi that move to the plasma membrane are used for which purposes?

    • Cell division by mitosis
    • Digestion of food inside the cell by lysosomes
    • Photosynthesis in the thylakoid membranes
    • Secretion of proteins and renewal of the plasma membrane by exocytosis

  17. Why must a secreted protein pass through the Golgi apparatus?

    • The Golgi modifies and sorts proteins so that they reach the correct destination
    • The Golgi supplies the energy needed to secrete the protein
    • The Golgi contains the ribosomes that build the protein
    • The Golgi removes the DNA from the protein molecule

  18. A drug blocks vesicle formation at the rough ER in a cell. What happens to secreted proteins?

    • They are secreted directly through the nuclear pores
    • They are made in greater numbers in the nucleus
    • They are retained in the rough ER and do not reach the Golgi
    • They are digested immediately by the ribosomes

  19. Which two organelles work together to produce and export extracellular enzymes?

    • Vacuole and mitochondria
    • Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
    • Nucleolus and chloroplasts
    • Centrioles and lysosomes

  20. Why are proteins for secretion made on ribosomes bound to the rough ER rather than on free ribosomes?

    • A signal sequence directs the ribosome to the rough ER
    • Free ribosomes are found only in the nucleus
    • Free ribosomes cannot make any protein longer than ten amino acids
    • Rough ER ribosomes use a different genetic code from free ribosomes

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