01B2.2.3 Explanations for young people's participation in deviant subcultures Quiz: OCR Sociology, Unit 3

The 20 questions

1. Which term describes Albert Cohen's concept explaining why working-class boys join delinquent subcultures?

   • Subterranean values
   • Status frustration
   • Relative deprivation
   • Focal concerns

2. Which sociologist identified six focal concerns, such as toughness and fatalism, that drive lower-class male delinquency?

   • Becker
   • Hirschi
   • Cicourel
   • Miller

3. According to Cloward and Ohlin, what type of illegitimate subculture emerges in areas with established organised crime?

   • Expressive
   • Retreatist
   • Conflict
   • Criminal

4. Which Cloward and Ohlin subculture type consists of double failures who turn to drug abuse?

   • Retreatist
   • Autonomous
   • Conflict
   • Criminal

5. Which term does David Matza use to describe techniques like denial of the victim used by delinquents?

   • Neutralisation
   • Sublimation
   • Amplification
   • Rationalisation

6. What did David Matza suggest young delinquents drift in and out of due to weak moral attachment?

   • Subcultures
   • Anomie
   • Delinquency
   • Psychopathy

7. Which Marxist theorist analysed skinheads and Teddy boys through the CCCS framework at Birmingham University?

   • Oakley
   • Durkheim
   • Plummer
   • Hall

8. Which subcultural explanation focuses heavily on patriarchal control and the restriction of young females?

   • New Right
   • Feminist
   • Postmodern
   • Functionalist

9. According to McRobbie and Garber, what term describes the privatised subcultural space often adopted by young girls?

   • Counter culture
   • Bedroom culture
   • Street culture
   • Subterranean life

10. Which postmodernist argued that youth subcultures have dissolved into fluid, transient lifestyle neo-tribes?

    • Postman
    • Bauman
    • Giddens
    • Maffesoli

11. What term does Thornton use to describe the cultural capital possessed by youth within club and music scenes?

    • Subcultural capital
    • Economic capital
    • Symbolic capital
    • Focal capital

12. Which functionalist theorist viewed youth as a transitional phase of socialisation between childhood and adulthood?

    • Parsons
    • Marx
    • Weber
    • Garfinkel

13. If a youth joins a gang due to a lack of legitimate job opportunities, which theory best applies?

    • Interactionist
    • Biomedical
    • Strain
    • Labelling

14. If a young person adopts a distinct fashion solely to signal membership of a shifting consumer trend, which perspective applies?

    • Left Realism
    • Functionalism
    • Subcultural Marxism
    • Postmodernism

15. Which term describes the media exaggeration of deviant youth groups, such as mods and rockers, creating folk devils?

    • Symbolic interaction
    • Deviance amplification
    • Status degradation
    • Moral panic

16. What phrase did Willis use to describe the anti-school subculture of working-class lads valuing manual labour?

    • Technocratic focus
    • Shopfloor culture
    • Middle-class ethos
    • Corporate values

17. Which process explains how police targeting of a youth subculture leads to an increase in reported deviant acts?

    • Cultural deprivation
    • Magical resolution
    • Deviance amplification
    • Social cohesion

18. According to Cloward and Ohlin, gang violence and turf wars characterize which type of subculture?

    • Conflict
    • Retreatist
    • Criminal
    • Bourgeois

19. What core concept does Brake use to suggest youth subcultures offer working-class youth a temporary escape from oppression?

    • Magical solution
    • Permanent revolution
    • Structural reform
    • Economic mobility

20. Which concept did Stan Cohen use to describe societal overreaction to youth disturbances?

    • Moral panic
    • Deviance amplification
    • Folk devil
    • Labelling theory

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