Lesson 6.5.1
6.5.1 Using X-rays Quiz: OCR Physics, Unit 5
20 questions
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Lesson 6.5.1, Using X-rays: 20 multiple choice questions for the OCR Physics (H156), Unit 5: Particles and medical physics, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
In a standard X-ray tube, which component releases electrons via thermionic emission?
- Evacuated tube
- Cathode heater
- High-voltage supply
- Target anode
-
What energy conversion primarily takes place when electrons hit the target anode in an X-ray tube?
- Thermal to nuclear
- Kinetic to thermal
- Electrical to magnetic
- Potential to chemical
-
Which attenuation mechanism involves an X-ray photon bouncing off an electron with no photon energy loss?
- Pair production
- Simple scatter
- Compton scattering
- Photoelectric effect
-
In which attenuation process is an X-ray photon completely absorbed, ejecting an inner-shell electron?
- Pair production
- Compton scattering
- Photoelectric effect
- Simple scatter
-
Which attenuation mechanism produces an electron and a positron from an X-ray photon?
- Pair production
- Compton scattering
- Simple scatter
- Photoelectric effect
-
What element is commonly ingested as a contrast medium to image the digestive system?
- Technetium
- Lead
- Iodine
- Barium
-
What shape is the X-ray beam produced in a modern CAT scanner?
- Wide conical
- Thin fan-shaped
- Pencil-thin parallel
- Broad spherical
-
What main advantage does a CAT scan offer compared to a conventional X-ray image?
- Cheaper equipment
- Lower radiation dose
- 3D slice images
- Quicker image capture
-
Why are high atomic number elements like iodine used as contrast agents in X-ray imaging?
- High electrical conductivity
- Low acoustic impedance
- Low binding energy
- High attenuation coefficient
-
An X-ray beam passes through 2 cm of tissue with attenuation coefficient 0.5 cm⁻¹. What fraction remains?
- e⁻²
- e⁻⁰ˑ⁵
- 1 - e⁻¹
- e⁻¹
-
Which material is commonly chosen for the target anode in an X-ray tube due to high melting point?
- Aluminium
- Lead
- Copper
- Tungsten
-
What minimum photon energy is required for pair production to occur in X-ray attenuation?
- 0.51 MeV
- 13.6 eV
- 2.04 MeV
- 1.02 MeV
-
What happens to the wavelength of an X-ray photon after undergoing Compton scattering?
- Remains constant
- Drops to zero
- Increases
- Decreases
-
What is the thickness of material required to reduce an X-ray beam's intensity by half?
- Penetration radius
- Half-value thickness
- Critical attenuation width
- Half-life depth
-
Why is an X-ray tube evacuated of all air during operation?
- Increase target voltage
- Prevent photon absorption
- Prevent electron collisions
- Cool down anode
-
Which mechanism dominates X-ray attenuation in human tissue at energy levels around 30 keV?
- Photoelectric effect
- Pair production
- Compton scattering
- Simple scatter
-
If bone has attenuation coefficient 3.0 cm⁻¹, what percentage of X-ray intensity is absorbed in 1.0 cm?
- 95%
- 30%
- 5%
- 70%
-
How does the photoelectric attenuation coefficient depend on photon energy E?
- Proportional to 1/E
- Proportional to E³
- Proportional to 1/E³
- Independent of E
-
In a CAT scan, why does the X-ray tube rotate around the patient?
- Faster photon speed
- Reduced radiation dose
- Focused X-ray beam
- Multi-angle image data
-
Increasing potential difference across an X-ray tube primarily increases which property of emitted X-rays?
- Maximum frequency
- Target temperature
- Beam speed
- Photonic half-life
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