Lesson 4.2.3.2.5

4.2.3.2.5 Coding in content analysis Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 2

20 questions

Written by Revision Ninja · Last reviewed 11 October 2026

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Lesson 4.2.3.2.5, Coding in content analysis: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA Psychology (7182), Unit 2: Psychology in context, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. What is the process of coding in content analysis?

    • Randomly allocating participants to experimental and control conditions
    • Converting qualitative material into categories so that it can be counted
    • Calculating the mean and standard deviation of a set of test scores
    • Recording participants' heart rate while they complete the task

  2. In content analysis, what is a coding unit?

    • The statistic used to measure the strength of a correlation
    • A chunk of material, such as a word, sentence or image, that is assigned to a category
    • A control group used to compare against the experimental group
    • The list of people from whom a sample is drawn

  3. What is a coding frame in content analysis?

    • A table of critical values for statistical tests
    • A set of defined categories used to classify the material consistently
    • A table listing participants' demographic details
    • A grid used to plot points on a scattergram

  4. Why should each coding category have a clear operational definition?

    • So that different coders classify the same material in the same way
    • So that each coder can choose categories freely as they work
    • So that the number of coding units is fixed before the study begins
    • So that the data automatically becomes interval level

  5. A researcher codes the tone of each newspaper article as positive, negative or neutral, with no ranking between the categories. Which level of measurement does this produce?

    • Ordinal
    • Nominal
    • Ratio
    • Interval

  6. A researcher counts how many times the word 'happy' appears in each diary entry. What kind of data does this produce?

    • Qualitative data from an open interview
    • Correlation coefficients
    • Quantitative data produced by coding
    • Ordinal data from a rating scale

  7. What does inter-rater reliability measure in content analysis?

    • The degree of agreement between two or more coders who classify the same material
    • How long a coder takes to finish the coding frame
    • The correlation between the number of coding units and sample size
    • Whether the material is representative of the wider population

  8. A researcher codes 40 tweets: 24 positive, 10 negative and 6 neutral. What percentage of the tweets were positive?

    • 60%
    • 40%
    • 24%
    • 70%

  9. Two coders independently code 50 extracts and agree on 40 of them. What is the percentage agreement?

    • 80%
    • 90%
    • 20%
    • 40%

  10. A content analysis of 200 advertisements finds that 150 show women in domestic settings. What percentage is this?

    • 133%
    • 75%
    • 50%
    • 15%

  11. A researcher codes each diary entry for the number of mood words it contains, from 0 to 9. What is the most appropriate level of measurement for these counts?

    • Ratio
    • Interval
    • Ordinal
    • Nominal

  12. A coding frame has five categories. Two coders code 100 units and agree on 85 of them. What is the percentage agreement?

    • 70%
    • 92%
    • 15%
    • 85%

  13. A researcher codes children's drawings as 1 if a family member is shown and 0 if not. Which level of measurement does this represent?

    • Interval
    • Ordinal
    • Nominal
    • Ratio

  14. A study codes 120 newspaper articles, and 60 mention crime. What percentage of articles mention crime?

    • 120%
    • 50%
    • 60%
    • 25%

  15. A coding frame includes a category 'aggressive' that is never defined operationally. What is the most likely consequence?

    • The sample automatically becomes unrepresentative of the population
    • The data must be analysed with a sign test rather than a correlation
    • Coders may apply the category inconsistently, which lowers inter-rater reliability
    • The data becomes qualitative and can no longer be counted

  16. A researcher wants to know whether two coders are applying the same coding frame reliably. Which step most directly tests this?

    • Having a second independent coder code part of the same material and comparing the results
    • Converting the category frequencies into percentages
    • Increasing the number of adverts until a significant result is found
    • Running a chi-squared test on the total number of categories

  17. Why might coding of a television programme be criticised for low validity?

    • The coding categories may not capture the meaning the researcher intended to measure
    • Two people coded the programme instead of one
    • The programme was watched in a laboratory setting
    • The coding frame contains more than five categories

  18. Two coders with different backgrounds code the same video differently. Which evaluative point best applies?

    • Coding the same video twice would always produce identical results
    • Subjectivity improves validity because coders bring extra insight
    • Coding is always objective, so coder background cannot affect the results
    • Subjective judgement can reduce reliability, so clear definitions and coder training are needed

  19. Two coders code 20 units and agree on 12 of them. What is the percentage agreement?

    • 12%
    • 40%
    • 80%
    • 60%

  20. A strength of content analysis is that it can be applied to existing material without recruiting participants. Which limitation is usually discussed alongside this?

    • The findings may reflect the coder's interpretation and the material chosen for analysis
    • It cannot produce any quantitative data
    • Participants may guess the aim and change their behaviour
    • Demand characteristics are always present in the data

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