Lesson 3.1.5.1

3.1.5.1 The concept of hazard in a geographical context Quiz: AQA Geography, Unit 1

20 questions

Written by Revision Ninja · Last reviewed 11 October 2026

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Lesson 3.1.5.1, The concept of hazard in a geographical context: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA Geography (7037), Unit 1: Physical geography, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which of these is an atmospheric natural hazard?

    • Earthquake caused by movement of rock along a fault line deep in the crust
    • Tropical storm
    • Lahar formed when volcanic debris mixes with water on a steep slope
    • Landslide triggered when saturated slopes give way under gravity

  2. In the Park model of human response to hazards, which response involves accepting that an event cannot be avoided or controlled?

    • Fatalism
    • Risk sharing, where losses are spread across many people through insurance schemes
    • Mitigation, where engineering works are built to reduce the physical impact of the hazard
    • Prediction, where forecasts are used to warn people before an event arrives

  3. What does hazard magnitude measure?

    • How often events of a particular type occur in a region over a set period of time
    • The number of people who are affected by an event in the area around it
    • The total money spent by governments and aid agencies on recovery after the event
    • The size or energy released by a single hazard event

  4. Which term refers to how often a hazard event of a given size occurs over time?

    • Distribution, which describes where across the landscape events are located
    • Frequency
    • Magnitude, which describes the size or energy of a single event rather than how often it happens
    • Hazard perception, which describes how people understand and feel about the risk

  5. Which stage of the Hazard Management Cycle comes immediately after a disaster?

    • Response
    • Prevention, which aims to stop certain hazards from happening at all in the first place
    • Mitigation, which involves long-term actions to lessen the impact of future events on communities
    • Preparedness, which involves planning and training so that communities are ready before an event

  6. A wealthy city and a poor city both experience an earthquake of the same magnitude, but the poorer city suffers far more deaths. Which explanation best fits the concept of vulnerability?

    • Wealthy cities experience no secondary hazards at all, such as fires, landslides or disease after the shaking
    • The earthquake magnitude was greater in the poorer city than it was recorded to be in the wealthier city
    • Poorer cities have fewer earthquakes each year, so their residents are less prepared for the events that do occur
    • Lower development reduces the capacity to resist, absorb and recover from the hazard

  7. Which of these is a hydrological hazard?

    • Earthquake, a sudden release of energy from the lithosphere that sends shockwaves through the ground
    • Flood
    • Heatwave, a prolonged period of unusually high temperature in an area affecting health and water supply
    • Tornado, a rapidly rotating column of air that extends from a storm cloud down to the ground

  8. Which factor is most likely to lower a population's perception of a hazard?

    • A long period without a damaging event, leading people to underestimate the risk
    • A recent severe event that is still fresh in people's memory and frequently discussed locally
    • Frequent official warnings issued through the media in the days leading up to the event
    • Media coverage of disasters in other countries that leads people to compare their own risk

  9. Which term describes the consequences of a hazard event for people, property and environments?

    • Adjustment, the ways in which people change their behaviour and lifestyles to live with a hazard
    • Frequency, how often events of a given type take place in a particular area over time
    • Impact
    • Magnitude, the size of the event measured in energy released by the physical process itself

  10. Which human response involves sharing the financial losses of a hazard across many people, for example through insurance?

    • Prediction, the use of monitoring and forecasting to anticipate when a hazard is likely to strike
    • Adjustment, changing how people live and build so they can tolerate hazards when they occur
    • Fatalism, the acceptance that hazards are beyond human control and that little can be done about them
    • Risk sharing

  11. Mitigation differs from adjustment because mitigation:

    • Accepts the hazard as unavoidable and changes only personal behaviour and daily routines
    • Aims to reduce the severity of a hazard's impacts through engineering or planning measures
    • Involves no action before the event occurs, focusing entirely on the recovery and rebuilding phase
    • Relies mainly on insurance payments made to households after an event has already occurred

  12. Which statement best evaluates the view that natural hazards are purely physical events?

    • Hazards depend only on the physical event, so human conditions have no effect at all on the losses that people suffer
    • Hazards affect only developing countries and are unrelated to economic conditions, so wealth makes no difference to outcomes
    • Hazards are always fully predictable in every location, so human factors such as planning and warning systems do not matter
    • Hazards are shaped by human vulnerability, so impacts depend on social and economic conditions as well as the physical event

  13. A flood has a recurrence interval of 100 years. What is the approximate probability that it occurs in any given year?

    • 0.1 per cent, which would imply that such a flood occurs only once in a thousand years
    • 1 per cent
    • 50 per cent, which would imply that the flood is as likely to occur as not in any single year
    • 10 per cent, which would imply that a flood of this size happens roughly once every ten years

  14. Which of these is a geophysical hazard?

    • Drought, a prolonged shortage of rainfall that reduces soil moisture and water supplies in an area
    • Flood, which occurs when rivers overflow their banks after prolonged or intense rainfall
    • Tropical storm, which forms over warm oceans and brings strong winds and heavy rainfall to coasts
    • Volcanic eruption

  15. A hazard of high magnitude occurs in an unpopulated region. What is the most likely consequence for people?

    • Immediate evacuation of the surrounding region as officials respond to the event across the wider area
    • Large economic losses in a nearby major city that depends on the region for its supply of goods
    • A very high death toll among local residents who have no warning and cannot be evacuated in time
    • Few human impacts, although environmental change may still occur

  16. What is the main purpose of the Hazard Management Cycle?

    • To show how management of a hazard moves through stages before, during and after events
    • To list only the physical causes of hazards without considering how people respond to them
    • To predict the exact time and place of the next hazard event so that people can be warned in advance
    • To calculate the insurance premiums that households in hazard-prone areas must pay each year

  17. Which factor would most increase the impact of a hazard event on a community, other things being equal?

    • Sparse settlement on stable high ground with strong and well-enforced building regulations
    • Dense settlement on a floodplain with weak building standards
    • Widespread use of earthquake-resistant design in new buildings and retrofitting of older structures
    • Strong early warning and evacuation plans that are regularly rehearsed by the local community

  18. Which response to a hazard would be classed as adjustment?

    • Staying in place and ignoring official warnings because the community has always coped in the past
    • Raising homes on stilts in a flood-prone area so that floodwater can pass beneath them
    • Insuring property against flood loss so that financial losses are shared across a large pool of policyholders
    • Building a large barrier across a river to hold back floodwater from reaching the surrounding towns

  19. Why do hazard impacts often differ between developed and developing countries?

    • Hazard magnitude is determined by the income level of the country in which the event takes place
    • Richer countries may suffer more economic damage in absolute terms, while poorer countries often have higher death rates
    • Development makes hazard events more frequent in all countries, so richer nations experience more events than poorer ones
    • Poorer countries never experience any economic damage from hazards because their economies are too small to be affected

  20. Which term describes the spatial pattern of where a hazard occurs?

    • Distribution
    • Magnitude, which describes the size of a hazard event rather than where events happen across the landscape
    • Frequency, which describes how often hazard events of a given type take place in an area over time
    • Predictability, which describes how well events can be forecast in advance before they actually happen

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